Epimedium (horny goat weed): what it is

Epimedium (Epimedium) is a genus of plants in the barberry family (Berberidaceae). In everyday language and on labels it is also known as horny goat weed. It is the most recognisable ingredient in the macun honey we offer, so we explain it here — including the things the evidence does not show.

Where it grows and what it looks like

Most Epimedium species are endemic to China, with a smaller number elsewhere in Asia and, rarely, in the Mediterranean region. They are hardy perennials that grow from an underground rhizome, and most have four-parted, spider-like flowers that appear in spring.

The species most often used as a dietary supplement is *Epimedium grandiflorum*.

The active compound: icariin

Why is epimedium mentioned in the context of male health at all? Its leaves contain the compound icariin, which under laboratory conditions (in vitro) has been shown to be a weak PDE5 inhibitor. For context: drugs for erectile dysfunction (sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil) work precisely through a stronger PDE5 inhibition, which is why it is assumed icariin may have a similar but much weaker mechanism.

The key sentence: the clinical effects of icariin in humans are not established, and there is little clinical evidence to date. In other words, epimedium is found in some "male" supplements, but that does not mean its effect is proven.

How it is used in macun

In macun honey, epimedium is one of several ingredients in a relatively small daily dose. It should not be seen as a standalone medicine, but as part of a traditional blend.

Safety and caution

• Pregnant or breastfeeding women, and children — there is not enough safety data.
• People with cardiovascular conditions or high blood pressure — because PDE5 can affect circulation, talk to a doctor.
• Drug interactions — especially heart medication, blood-pressure medication and blood thinners.
• Allergy to plants in the barberry family — rare, but possible.

What this means for you

Epimedium is a plant with a long tradition and an interesting active compound, but it is not a medicine and should not be used as a substitute for treatment. If you take it as part of macun, that is fine as a food supplement — but deal with health problems together with a doctor.

Please note: everything we sell is a food supplement. This article is for information only and does not replace medical advice.

Frequently asked questions

Is epimedium the same as horny goat weed?

Yes. "Horny goat weed" is the common English name for plants in the genus Epimedium, including those used in macun.

Does epimedium cure erectile dysfunction?

There is no clinical evidence for that. Icariin is a weak PDE5 inhibitor in the laboratory, but its effects in humans are not established. For erectile dysfunction, see a doctor.

Is epimedium safe for everyone?

No. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, children, and people with heart conditions or on medication should talk to a doctor before use.

How much epimedium is in macun?

It is one of several ingredients in a small daily dose. The exact amount is on the product label.